In Goan politics, the politician is an
indispensable cult figure, one whose image is more important than his or her
ability to discharge his or her public responsibilities. The unexpected
presence of the ailing Pandurang Madkaikar, Cumbharjua MLA, for the first time
in public in 11 months, at the floor test of the BJP government, a few weeks
ago is a case in point. Madkaikar, who suffered a brain stroke last year, has
been away from public life all this while. Despite his ill health, Madkaikar
contributed, or was forced to contribute, to the cutthroat power struggles,
even though he has not discharged his public responsibilities and was dispensed
from his minister’s post since last year.
In the images beamed by local news
channels, Madkaikar looks cheerful although he is clearly not fully fit. Two attendants
hold him steady as he slowly inches his way to his seat. Once seated, he does
not appear to be comfortable. But he manages to joke and chat with his
colleagues while two uniformed guards keep a close watch throughout. During the
decisive moment of the floor test, Madkaikar raises his hand with difficulty—another
attendant helps him.
To be fair, Madkaikar is not the only one
who has clung to power despite ill health while being unable to function in a
public capacity. There was former MLA of Mapusa, the late Francis D’Souza, who
clung to his position. It was common knowledge to his constituents in Mapusa
that D’Souza would frequently be away for treatment. The former CM, the late
Manohar Parrikar, is, of course, the most recent example of clinging to power
as the CM. In Parrikar’s case, the BJP and the Chief Minister’s Office went on
a propaganda blitzkrieg to convince all that the CM was in good health.
In the farce that is contemporary Goan
politics, Madkaikar’s public appearance at the floor test showed the BJP
government in poor light. There was simply no able second-rung leadership—a
comment oft repeated following Parrikar’s demise as well. Surely, the people of
Goa deserve better. Especially since the in-fighting amongst various elected
representatives has plunged Goa into an uncertain political future while the
destruction of its people and landscape, initiated by various governments, both
present and previous, is continuing unabated.
The lack of substitute leadership stems
from the fact that Goan politicians jealously cultivate their own cult. They
make themselves apparently indispensable to the voters as well as their
followers. Many political commentators
have stressed that Parrikar was the one who cultivated a cult following for
himself more than anyone else. Parrikar’s close friend and mentor, Subhash
Velingkar was one of the commentators who gives the best insight
into Parrikar’s functioning. Reflecting on Parrikar’s political career,
Velingkar noted to a local news channel that Parrikar was “dictatorial” by
nature. He was often unable to work with the rest of the leadership in his
party.
Velingkar and many other commentators
allude to the ‘cult of the personality’—a figure like the kings and queens of
olden times—in Parrikar’s functioning and rise to power. In fact, all politics
in Goa operates through the ‘cult of the personality’. The constituent or the
voter is expected to be beholden to the politician in a patron-client
relationship, while in a democracy such a relationship is theoretically and
legally not necessary. Parrikar, though the best example, is not the only one
who assiduously cultivated his own cult. Others, like Madkaikar too, cultivated
their own cults.
Whether driven by naked ambition, a greed
for power, the persistence of their supporters, or social circumstances,
politicians like D’Souza, Madkaikar, and Parrikar enable and sustain a politics
of the ‘cult of the personality’. This leaves truly little room for efficient
leadership to emerge and thrive. Rather than having leaders who lead, we
only have rulers who want power and nothing but power. These rulers, in
fact, serve those who fund their campaigns more than the people who vote for
them. As such the most important function of democratic politics—to govern
society efficiently and look after the welfare of each of its members—becomes a
marginal issue in the grand scheme of cutthroat power struggles.
Think about Parrikar’s compromises with
the casino and mining companies which have almost destroyed the rivers and
forests and think also about his belief in Hindutva which has furthered the
already existing social and communal fractures in Goan society. To think, then,
of Parrikar’s legacy as an indispensable leader and cult figure is to realize
the damage done by cult figures to the social fabric, culture, environment, and
polity.
One of the reasons why the ‘cult of the
personality’ marks our electoral politics is because our society is
fundamentally stratified by caste and class. The severely stratified society
makes it easier for politicians from dominant groups to become godfathers to
leaders from the Bahujan underclass. The leaders from the Bahujan underclass
find it difficult to rise and survive unless they compromise with the agendas
of their groups. The result is dismal for a democratic polity: subaltern groups
are further marginalized and minoritized simultaneously with environmental and
cultural destruction.
In life and in death, the careers and
legacies of politicians have lasting scars on the landscape, the culture of the
land, and the future of the polity.
(First published in O Heraldo, dt: 4 April, 2019)
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